橋架是由托盤、梯架的直線段、彎通、附件以及支、吊架等構成，用以支承電纜的具有連續(xù)的剛性結(jié)構系統(tǒng)的總稱。是應用在水平布線和垂直布線系統(tǒng)的安裝通道。

A cable tray is a collective term for a continuous rigid structural system composed of straight sections, bends, accessories, supports, hangers, etc. of trays and ladders, used to support cables. It is an installation channel used in both horizontal and vertical cabling systems.

電纜橋架是使電線、電纜、管纜鋪設達到標準化、系列化、通用化的電纜鋪設裝置。

Cable tray is a cable laying device that standardizes, serializes, and generalizes the laying of wires, cables, and conduit cables.

一、 電纜橋架的分類

1、 Classification of cable trays

二、 電纜橋架的安裝規(guī)定

2、 Installation regulations for cable trays

三、 橋架內(nèi)電纜敷設的規(guī)定

3、 Regulations for laying cables inside cable trays

四、 電纜橋架的計算

4、 Calculation of cable tray

五、BIM軟件技巧---橋架材質(zhì)的添加

5、 BIM Software Tips - Adding Bridge Materials

一、電纜橋架的分類

1、 Classification of cable trays

1、槽式電纜橋架

1. Trough type cable tray

槽式電纜橋架是一種全封閉型電纜橋架。它適用于敷設計算機電纜、通信電纜、熱電偶電纜及其他高靈敏系統(tǒng)的控制電纜等。

Trough type cable tray is a fully enclosed cable tray. It is suitable for laying computer cables, communication cables, thermocouple cables, and control cables for other highly sensitive systems.

它對控制電纜的屏蔽干擾和重腐蝕中環(huán)境電纜的防護都有較好的效果。

It has good effects on the shielding interference of control cables and the protection of cables in heavily corroded environments.

2、托盤式電纜橋架

2. Tray type cable tray

托盤式電纜橋架是石油、化工、輕工、電訊等方面應用廣泛的一種。它具有重量輕、載荷大、造型美 、結(jié)構簡單、安裝方便等優(yōu)點。

Tray type cable tray is a widely used type in petroleum, chemical, light industry, telecommunications, and other fields. It has the advantages of light weight, large load capacity, beautiful design, simple structure, and convenient installation.

它既適用于動力電纜的安裝，也適合于控制電纜的敷設。

It is suitable for both the installation of power cables and the laying of control cables.

它的外觀和槽式簡直沒什么不同，不過它的底部帶有打孔，所以散熱功能會比槽式的好許多。

Its appearance is not much different from the slot type, but its bottom has perforations, so its heat dissipation function is much better than the slot type.

3、梯級式電纜橋架

3. Cascade cable tray

橋架與線槽的主要區(qū)別

The main difference between cable trays and cable trays

● 橋架主要用于敷設電力電纜和控制電纜，線槽用于敷設導線和通訊線纜；

Cable trays are mainly used for laying power cables and control cables, while cable trays are used for laying wires and communication cables;

● 橋架相對大（200×100到600×200)，線槽相對較小；

The cable tray is relatively large (200 × 100 to 600 × 200), and the cable tray is relatively small;

● 橋架拐彎半徑比較大，線槽大部分拐直角彎；橋架跨距比較大，線槽比較??；固定、安裝方式不同；

The bending radius of the cable tray is relatively large, and most of the cable trays are bent at right angles; The bridge span is relatively large, and the cable tray is relatively small; Different fixing and installation methods;

● 在某些場所，橋架沒蓋，線槽通常全是帶蓋封閉的線槽來走線，橋架則是用來走電纜的。

In some places, cable trays are not covered, and cable trays are usually enclosed with covers for cable routing. Cable trays are used for cable routing.

二、電纜橋架的安裝規(guī)定

2、 Installation regulations for cable trays

1、直線段鋼制電纜橋架長度超過30m、鋁合金或玻璃鋼制電纜橋架長度超過15m設有伸縮節(jié)；電纜橋架跨越建筑物變形縫處設置補償裝置；

1. Steel cable trays with a length exceeding 30m in straight sections and aluminum alloy or fiberglass cable trays with a length exceeding 15m are equipped with expansion joints; Install compensation devices at the deformation joints of cable trays crossing buildings;

2、電纜橋架轉(zhuǎn)彎處的彎曲半徑，不小于橋架內(nèi)電纜小允許彎曲半徑；

2. The bending radius at the turning point of the cable tray shall not be less than the small allowable bending radius of the cables inside the tray;

3、當設計無要求時，電纜橋架水平安裝的支架間距為1.5～3m；垂直安裝的支架間距不大于2m；

3. When there are no design requirements, the support spacing for horizontal installation of cable trays is 1.5-3m; The spacing between vertically installed brackets shall not exceed 2m;

4、橋架與支架間螺栓、橋架連接板螺栓固定緊固無漏掉，螺母位于橋架外側(cè)；當鋁合金橋架與鋼支架固定時，有相互間絕緣的防電化侵蝕措施；

4. The bolts between the bridge and the bracket, as well as the bolts of the bridge connection plate, are fixed tightly without any leakage, and the nuts are located on the outer side of the bridge; When the aluminum alloy bridge is fixed to the steel bracket, there are insulation measures to prevent electrochemical corrosion between them;

5、敷設在豎井內(nèi)和穿越不同防火區(qū)的橋架，按設計要求位置有防火隔堵措施；

5. Cable trays laid in vertical shafts and passing through different fire zones shall have fire blocking measures in accordance with the design requirements;

6、支架與預埋件焊接固定時，焊縫豐滿；膨脹螺栓固定時，選用螺栓適配，螺栓緊固，防松零件齊全。

6. When welding and fixing the bracket and embedded parts, the weld seam should be full; When fixing expansion bolts, bolts should be used for adaptation, bolts should be tightened, and anti loosening parts should be complete.

三、橋架內(nèi)電纜敷設的規(guī)定

3、 Regulations for laying cables inside cable trays

1、大于45°傾斜敷設的電纜每隔2m處設固定點；

1. Cable laid at an angle greater than 45 ° shall have fixed points every 2 meters;

2、電纜出入電纜溝、豎井、建筑物、柜（盤）、臺處以及管子管口處等做密封處理；

2. Seal the entry and exit of cables in cable trenches, shafts, buildings, cabinets (panels), platforms, and pipe openings;

3、電纜敷設排列整潔，水平敷設的電纜，首尾兩端、轉(zhuǎn)彎兩側(cè)及每隔5～10m處設固定點；敷設于垂直橋架內(nèi)的電纜固定點間距符合要求。

3. Cable laying should be arranged neatly, and fixed points should be set at both ends of the cable, on both sides of the bend, and every 5-10m for cables laid horizontally; The spacing between cable fixing points laid in vertical cable trays meets the requirements.

四、電纜橋架的計算

4、 Calculation of cable tray

1、電纜橋架的實際荷載量計算

1. Calculation of actual load capacity of cable tray

G總 = n1*q1+ n2*q2 + n3*q3……nn*qn

G total=n1 * q1+n2 * q2+n3 * q3... nn * qn

公式中：G總為總荷載，q1、q2、q3……qn為每根電纜單位重量（kg/m），n1、n2、n3……nn為相同電纜的根數(shù)。

In the formula, G is the total load, q1, q2, q3... qn is the unit weight of each cable (kg/m), and n1, n2, n3... nn is the number of identical cables.

（G總<G允，G允電纜橋架的允許荷載，因為當電纜橋架帶護罩在室外安裝時，還應計人電纜橋架承受的大冰雪等載荷的影響。）

(G total<G allowed, G allowed the allowable load of cable tray, because when the cable tray is installed outdoors with a cover, the influence of large loads such as ice and snow borne by the cable tray should also be taken into account.)

2、電纜橋架寬度的計算

2. Calculation of cable tray width

電纜橋架寬度的確定隨著電力電纜和控制電纜工作制的不同而有所區(qū)別。

The determination of cable tray width varies with the different working systems of power cables and control cables.

GB50054-95第5.6.14條中規(guī)定，電纜在橋架內(nèi)敷設時，電纜總截面面積與橋架橫斷面之比，電力電纜不應大于40%，控制電纜不應大于50%。

According to Article 5.6.14 of GB50054-95, when laying cables in cable trays, the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the cable to the cross-sectional area of the tray should not exceed 40% for power cables and 50% for control cables.

（1）由于電力電纜在橋架內(nèi)一般是單層水平排放，所以其安裝橋架寬度b為：

(1) Due to the fact that power cables are generally laid horizontally in a single layer within the cable tray, the installation width b of the cable tray is:

b=n1*(d1+k1)+n2*(d2+k2)+n3*(d3+k3)+……nn*（dn+kn）

B=n1 * (d1+k1)+n2 * (d2+k2)+n3 * (d3+k3)+... nn * (dn+kn)

公式中：d1、d2、d3……dn為橋架內(nèi)各種電纜的外徑，單位為mm；n1、n2、n3……nn為上述同種型號規(guī)格電纜的根數(shù)；K1、k2、k3……為上述電纜放置時的間距，其值小應大于電纜直徑的1／4。

In the formula: d1, d2, d3... dn is the outer diameter of various cables inside the cable tray, in mm; N1, n2, n3... nn is the number of cables of the same model and specification mentioned above; K1, k2, k3... are the distances between the cables when they are placed, and their values should be greater than 1/4 of the cable diameter.

（2）控制電纜橋架的寬度b的計算：（一般電纜橋架的填充率取40%左右）

(2) Calculation of controlling the width b of cable tray: (Generally, the filling rate of cable tray is around 40%)

電纜的總截面積：S=S0/40%d=S/H=S0/40%h

Total cross-sectional area of cable: S=S0/40% d=S/H=S0/40% h

公式中：S0=n1*S1+n2*S2+n3*S3+……；n1、n2、n3...為相應電纜的根數(shù)；S1、S2、S3...為各電纜橫截面積（按電纜外徑計算）；

In the formula: S0=n1 * S1+n2 * S2+n3 * S3+; N1, n2, n3... are the number of corresponding cables; S1, S2, S3... are the cross-sectional areas of each cable (calculated based on the outer diameter of the cable);

需要的托架橫載面積：So=n1，式中：h為電纜橋架凈高。

The required cross-sectional area of the cable tray is So=n1, where h is the net height of the cable tray.

針對上述復雜的計算公式，我們非人士還是很難計算，現(xiàn)在告訴大家一個經(jīng)驗表格，輔助大家在電纜橋架支架受力演算時查找對應數(shù)值。

For the complex calculation formulas mentioned above, it is still difficult for us non professionals to calculate. Now, let me share with you an experience table to assist you in finding the corresponding values when calculating the stress on cable tray supports.